Do you know the symptoms that predispose to 'subarachnoid hemorrhage'?

 

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of cerebral hemorrhage and is a terrifying disease with a mortality rate of 50%. If treatment is slow, rebleeding may occur and there is a risk of sequelae impairment. It is one of the diseases to watch out for after the middle age, and the incidence increases with age. When an outbreak occurs, whether it can be treated in a hospital as soon as possible is the difference between the two. It is important to take precautions on a daily basis to avoid getting the disease as much as possible. Here, let's check the characteristics of subarachnoid hemorrhage. It also introduces diagnostic methods, treatment methods, and prevention methods.

What is subarachnoid hemorrhage?

In which part of the head does a subarachnoid hemorrhage occur?

Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs in the gap between the arachnoid and the soft membrane, called the subarachnoid space. The human brain is covered with three layers of membranes, which are the dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and smoke membrane from the outside. The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid, through which many thick arteries pass. Bleeding that occurs when this artery is damaged for some reason is called a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

What is the cause?

The most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. The percentage is known to be around 90%. A cerebral aneurysm is a lump in an artery in the brain that ruptures and causes a subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is not clear what causes cerebral aneurysms. However, brain aneurysms are thought to range from congenital to lifestyle-related diseases and stress. In addition, head trauma due to cerebral arteriovenous malformations or accidents is one of the causes.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage include headache, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. In particular, headaches are sudden, 'severe pain like being hit with a hammer' that has never been experienced before. It is not uncommon to experience vomiting or dizziness.

These symptoms can also occur as a precursor. Once the severe pain subsides, it is more likely to cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage thereafter. Therefore, it is recommended to go to the hospital immediately if you have a severe headache. If you arrive at the hospital while you are conscious, your chances of survival go up significantly. There is no aura headache and you may suddenly lose consciousness. You may appear to be sleeping by snoring.

I'm also worried about complications when I hear that my head is bleeding... .

Complications are also of concern, but mortality from primary rupture is particularly high. Death and treatment exclusion after the first bleeding is about 50%. In addition, the following complications are notable as complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage: Any complications can increase the mortality rate and cause cerebral infarction or sequelae disability. Rebleeding is a complication with a high risk of death because it often occurs within 24 hours of onset. When cerebral vasospasm occurs, the blood vessels in the brain narrow and there is a risk of cerebral infarction. Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid causes hydrocephalus. Other reported complications include lung dysfunction such as pneumonia.

Diagnosis and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage

How is subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosed?

Diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage is mainly made by CT. However, there are cases in which the diagnosis cannot be made with CT if the condition is mild or some time has passed since the onset of the disease. In this case, an MRI or MRA examination is effective. A lumbar puncture or cerebrovascular angiography may also be done to examine the cerebrospinal fluid.

What treatment do you do?

If a rupture is suspected, surgery is preferably required. There are two main types of surgery to prevent reheating of cerebral aneurysms, which are the main causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage: cerebral aneurysm clipping brush and cerebral aneurysm coil embolization. The cerebral aneurysm clipping knee is opened with general anesthesia. This is an operation to fix the root part of the aneurysm with a clip after removal of the skull. Cerebral aneurysm coil embolization fills the aneurysm with a platinum coil by inserting a catheter in the thigh joint. All are established surgeries for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Either treatment will be chosen depending on the patient or the condition of the aneurysm.

When it comes to subarachnoid hemorrhage, the image of sequelae is strong. About 30% of patients who develop subarachnoid hemorrhage can return to society without sequelae. It is reported that 50% of people die and 20% of people have sequelae. After treatment, rehabilitation is required for recovery. It is easy to change the condition immediately after treatment, so be careful when starting rehabilitation. But outside of the brain, it is important to avoid prolonged 'recumbent' for good health. If you can recover and maintain your physical strength through rehabilitation treatment, you will be able to return to society early.

It is important to start rehabilitation early. Immediately after treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage, there is a tendency to avoid immediate rehabilitation because there is a risk of hydrocephalus, cerebral vasospasm, and rebleeding. This is an action to prioritize life support over rehabilitation. However, it has recently been reported that rehabilitation is safe if the condition is stable for 4 to 7 days after the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is also reported that early rehabilitation is likely to reduce the incidence of cerebral vasospasm. Therefore, in recent years, it is believed that starting rehabilitation early leads to a quick return to society.

To prevent subarachnoid hemorrhage

At what rate does subarachnoid hemorrhage occur?

The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage is about 30,000 people per year. The incidence increases with increasing age, and the number of people who develop the disease from the age of 50 tends to increase rapidly. In particular, the incidence is reported to be about 70% in women. The biggest risk factor for subarachnoid hemorrhage is high blood pressure. Smoking and drinking are also believed to be causes. The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage is about 10-20 cases per 100,000 people per year, but the incidence rate is lower in urban areas where there are many young people.

Are there any precursor symptoms?

Symptoms include dizziness, vomiting, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness. Because it is a precursor, it subsides at first, but then there are many cases of onset. If you go to the hospital right away when you have these symptoms, the survival rate is significantly higher. If you see a doctor when you have symptoms, the survival rate is about 80%. Conversely, if the disease develops without medical examination and is transferred to the hospital unconscious, the survival rate is also said to be less than 20%.

Can subarachnoid hemorrhage be prevented?

It has generally been thought that a subarachnoid hemorrhage 'occurs suddenly and unannounced'. However, the prognostic symptoms are now known and it is thought that prevention is possible. The two major risks of subarachnoid hemorrhage are high blood pressure and smoking. In particular, those with high blood pressure should pay attention to their blood pressure and seek medical attention if there is an abnormality. It is important to control your own blood pressure. Eating carefully and quitting smoking also leads to prevention. For those with high blood pressure, regular MRI scans are recommended.

For subarachnoid hemorrhage, early treatment can tell the difference. If you experience a foreboding headache, do not hesitate to call an ambulance. Once the headache subsides, it can be the worst if left alone. When consciousness is low, do not hesitate and ask for help from those around you. Early treatment increases the chances of returning to society without sequelae. It is also recommended that those who have high blood pressure or other anxiety, undergo regular medical examinations, etc.

organize

Subarachnoid hemorrhage was described. There are many people who think that if you cause subarachnoid hemorrhage, you will have sequelae even if you survive. However, if you see a doctor immediately when there is a symptom, your survival rate is significantly higher. There is a high probability of returning to society without any sequelae. Treating high blood pressure first, and paying attention to diet and smoking cessation lead to prevention.